Almonds, hazelnuts and pistachios belong to the most popular tree nuts. Pistachio seeds are very appreciable owing to their high nutritional value. Pistachios are the lowest in calories, and fat, they are among the highest in fiber content for a nut (3 grams/ serving). Thirty pistachios make a satisfying healthy snack for just approximately 100 calories per serving a wise choice when watching your weight. Nevertheless, they are most of the time are not fresh, which this leads to the growth of toxic compounds such as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most toxic mycotoxins and Pistachios can easily be contaminated with aflatoxin. Contamination of pistachios by fungi may occur at three different stages; when the nuts are on the tree, when nuts are dehulled, and washed and sorted, and in storage, especially when nuts are stored under adverse conditions of temperature and relative humidity. For detection AF, there are several techniques, TLC, HPLC and ELISA are quite accurate methods for this purpose, but But these methods are expensive and time consuming, while optical methods are faster. Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) which is used in HPLC systems is improved to enhance the sensitivity of aflatoxin measurements. LIFHPCE, MECC and mass spectroscopy are other used techniques to separate AFB1.